When there is a child in residence of a home built before 1978 with an elevated blood lead level (EBLL). This is to determine the presence of toxic levels of lead in paint, dust, water, or soil. Interior and exterior painted surfaces will be tested with X-ray fluorescence (XRF); both windows and floors will be tested using dust wipes; and soil testing will be conducted based on the specific conditions observed.
Interior Locations
In each area of an interior location (e.g. back room, closet, pantry, hall, or part of a divided room), the following representative surfaces will be tested for the presence of toxic levels of lead: baseboard, ceiling, crown molding, door surface and side of door frame for a representative interior door, floor, fireplace, radiator, shelf, shelf support, stair riser, stair tread, stair stringer, stair newel post, stair railing cap, stair balustrade, upper wall, lower wall, chair rail, window sash and window casing and window sill for a representative window, representative door and window lintel.
Exterior Locations
For each side of an exterior surface the following representative surface will be tested for the presence of toxic levels of lead: bulkhead, porch, entrance canopy, exterior wall, siding, lattice, ceiling, railing, railing cap, stair stringer, stair tread, stair riser, trim, cellar window unit, window sill, window casing, window sash for a representative window.
Dust - Lead Hazard
For the purpose of assessing the level of risk from lead dust, a dust-lead hazard is surface dust in a residential dwelling or child-occupied facility that contains concentrations of lead on floors and window sills that equal or exceed the dust lead hazard concentrations specified in 40 CFR 745, as amended from time to time.
Water Sampling
For the purpose of assessing the presence of lead in drinking water, the EPA Lead and Copper Rule has set drinking water standards with two levels of protection [EPA 1991; EPA 2000b]. Action levels for lead of 15 ppb. An action level is the level for enforcement. The maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG) is zero. This is the level determined to be safe according to toxicological and biomedical considerations, independent of feasibility.
Soil Sampling
For assessing the presence of lead in bare soils around residential dwellings or child care facilities, in children's play areas, and other areas of concern. Visual assessment of bare soil areas; if bare soil areas cannot be evaluated due to snow coverings or other preventative measures, it is recommended that the property owner/management company address all bare soil areas utilizing landscaping materials once weather conditions allow.
If defective leaded surfaces or bare soil are identified and a child under 6 is in residence, this may trigger lead regulations and code enforcement actions conducted by the local health department.